What are the components of normal urine?

What are the components of normal urine?

It consists of water, urea (from amino acid metabolism), inorganic salts, creatinine, ammonia, and pigmented products of blood breakdown, one of which (urochrome) gives urine its typically yellowish colour.

Is protein in urine normal?

Definition. Protein in urine — known as proteinuria (pro-tee-NU-ree-uh) — is excess protein found in a urine sample. Protein is one of the substances identified during a test to analyze the content of your urine (urinalysis). Low levels of protein in urine are normal.

What are the possible sources of normal protein that are excreted in the urine?

Excretion of proteins originating outside of the nephron Furthermore, proteins may also enter the urine at points downstream from the nephron. These sources include the uroepithelium of the ureter or bladder (e.g., secretory IgA) and, in men, secretions from the prostate gland and vas deferens.

What are normal and abnormal constituents of urine?

Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. Urea is a non-toxic molecule made of toxic ammonia and carbon dioxide.

What are the abnormal component of urine?

 Abnormal constituents of urine are sugar, proteins, blood, bile salts, bile pigments and ketone bodies.  It is observed in Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus, Addison’s disease, Chronic progressive renal failure, excess water intake, intake of diuretics like caffeine, alcohol etc.

Which is not a normal constituent of urine?

The correct answer is (c) Large proteins. Large proteins are not a normal constituent of urine. The presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria) is an indicator of glomerular damage. Urea is the most abundant organic compound in urine.

Is bilirubin a normal constituent of urine?

Bilirubin is found in bile, a fluid in your liver that helps you digest food. If your liver is healthy, it will remove most of the bilirubin from your body. If your liver is damaged, bilirubin can leak into the blood and urine. Bilirubin in urine may be a sign of liver disease.

Which are two major components of normal human urine?

A Representative Chemical Composition of Urine Water (H 2 O): 95% Urea (H 2 NCONH 2 ): 9.3 g/l to 23.3 g/l Chloride (Cl – ): 1.87 g/l to 8.4 g/l Sodium (Na + ): 1.17 g/l to 4.39 g/l Potassium (K + ): 0.750 g/l to 2.61 g/l Creatinine (C 4 H 7 N 3 O): 0.670 g/l to 2.15 g/l Inorganic sulfur (S): 0.163 to 1.80 g/l

What are the normal constituents of urine?

Urea: This is the chief end-product of protein catabolism in man.

Urea excretion is increased in conditions associated with an increased protein catabolism,e.g.

Ammonia: Normally very little ammonia is excreted in urine which amounts to about 0.7 grams per day representing 2.5 to 4.5% of the total urinary N.

Creatinine and creatine.

What does urine contain normally?

Urine is mostly water (about 95% water), however, the rest of the contents of urine can vary depending of what you’ve eaten, drank, breathed or been exposed to. The remainder of urine usually consists of urea , uric acid, ammonia, hormones, dead blood cells, proteins, salts and minerals, and toxins.

What are the abnormal components of urine?

This compound is formed by the reduction of bile pigment in the intestine and the oxidation of urobilinogen.

The amount of urobilin present in the urine increases certain types of liver diseases. The most common test used is the Schlesinger test.

Add 2 drops of 2.5 % alcoholic iodine solution into a test tube that contains 5 ml urine.