What is the way of surface functionalization of a nanoparticle?

What is the way of surface functionalization of a nanoparticle?

Surface functionalization of nanomaterials refers to assemble different organic and inorganic materials together in nanoscale through covalent bonds or noncovalent bonds including hydrogen bonds, the electrostatic force, or the van der Waals force [108].

How are drugs released from nanoparticles?

In the case of a polymer nanoparticle matrix, the drug is uniformly distributed/dissolved in the matrix and the release occurs by diffusion or erosion of the matrix. If the diffusion of the drug is faster than matrix degradation, the mechanism of drug release occurs mainly by diffusion.

How nanoparticles are used as targeted drug delivery?

Nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier following the opening of endothelium tight junctions by hyper-osmotic mannitol, which may provide sustained delivery of therapeutic agents for difficult-to-treat diseases like brain tumors (Kroll et al., 1998).

What is surface modification of nanoparticles?

The surface modification of nanoparticles by chemical treatments (such as the absorption of silane coupling agents) is a useful method to improve the dispersion stability of nanoparticles in various liquid media.

How do you functionalize carbon nanotubes?

Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized via amidation and esterification of the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids. The solubility of these functionalized carbon nanotubes makes it possible to characterize and study the properties of carbon nanotubes using solution-based techniques.

How do you functionalize nanoparticles?

Functionalization is also possible by direct binding of molecule of interest to the reactive ligands on NP surface, facilitated by covalent conjugation. This approach involves linkage reaction aided by catalyst and is mostly preferred with unspecific physisorption in terms of stability of functionalization.

How do you administer nanoparticles?

may enter the body via oral ingestion, inhalation, dermal penetration and intravascular injection and subsequently distribute to any organ system.

How do you calculate drug loading in nanoparticles?

Loading capacity is the amount of drug loaded per unit weight of the nanoparticle, indicating the percentage of mass of the nanoparticle that is due to the encapsulated drug. Loading capacity (LC%) can be calculated by the amount of total entrapped drug divided by the total nanoparticle weight.

How are nanoparticles administered?

How do nanobots deliver drugs?

Differently from traditional drug delivery, which relies on blood circulation to reach the target, the designed micro/nanorobots can move autonomously, which makes it possible to deliver drugs to the hard-to-reach areas.

How do I modify my surface?

3. Overview of surface modification techniques

1. Clean implant material surface from contaminations prior to implantation.
2. Increase bioactivity, cell growth and tissue attachments after implantation.
3. Increase hardness of implant to reduce wear rate especially in articulation joint applications.

What is surface modification techniques?

Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material.

What are nanoparticles and why are they useful for medicine?

The reason why these nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive for medical purposes is based on their important and unique features, such as their surface to mass ratio that is much larger than that of other particles, their quantum properties and their ability to adsorb and carry other compounds.

Drug release. If the drug is loaded by the incorporation method, then the system has a relatively small burst effect and sustained release characteristics ( Fresta et al., 1995 ). If the nanoparticle is coated by polymer, the release is then controlled by diffusion of the drug from the polymeric membrane.

Are nanoparticles better than microparticles as a drug delivery system?

Many studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles have a number of advantages over microparticles (>1 μm) as a drug delivery system ( Linhardt, 1989 ). Nanoparticles have another advantage over larger microparticles because they are better suited for intravenous delivery.

Why biodegradable nanoparticles are needed for drug delivery?

Although solid NPs may be used for drug targeting, when reaching the intended diseased site in the body the drug carried needs to be released. So, for drug delivery biodegradable nanoparticle formulations are needed as it is the intention to transport and release the drug in order to be effective.