What is elongation in transcription and translation?

What is elongation in transcription and translation?

Basically, elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides. During elongation, RNA polymerase “walks” along one strand of DNA, known as the template strand, in the 3′ to 5′ direction.

What are the four steps of elongation of translation?

Translation happens in four stages: activation (make ready), initiation (start), elongation (make longer) and termination (stop). These terms describe the growth of the amino acid chain (polypeptide). Amino acids are brought to ribosomes and assembled into proteins.

What are the 3 stages of elongation process?

Transcription occurs in the three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination—all shown here.

• Step 1: Initiation. Initiation is the beginning of transcription.
• Step 2: Elongation. Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.
• Step 3: Termination.

How do elongation factors work?

First, elongation factors are involved in bringing aminoacyl-transfer RNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Second, an elongation factor is involved in translocation, the step in elongation at which the peptidyl-tRNA is moved from one ribosomal site to another as the messenger RNA moves through the ribosome.

What is meant by degenerate codon?

Codon degeneracy means that the genetic code is degenerate. It means that there is more than one codon that specifies the single amino acid. The phenomenon in which several of the amino acids, each coded by more than one codon is called codon degeneracy.

What are the 4 steps in transcription?

Transcription involves four steps:

1. Initiation. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex.
2. Elongation. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesising an mRNA molecule.
3. Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated.
4. Processing.

What is the last step of translation?

termination
Translation ends in a process called termination. Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA, UAG, or UGA) enters the A site. Stop codons are recognized by proteins called release factors, which fit neatly into the P site (though they aren’t tRNAs).

Which are events of translation elongation?

Elongation has three stages: 1) The anticodon of an incoming tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon exposed in the A site. 2) A peptide bond is formed between the new amino acid (in the A site) and the previously-added amino acid (in the P site), transferring the polypeptide from the P site to the A site.

What starts and ends with translation?

Translation: Beginning, middle, and end Elongation (“middle”): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain. Termination (“end”): in the last stage, the finished polypeptide is released to go and do its job in the cell.

What is the function of eEF2?

Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is a GTP-binding protein that mediates the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site on the ribosome (Moldave, 1985).

Which of the following is elongation factor in translation?

Elongation factors are responsible for achieving accuracy of translation and both EF1A and EF2 are remarkably conserved throughout evolution. . This twisting action destabilises tRNA-ribosome interactions, freeing the tRNA to translocate along the ribosome upon GTP-hydrolysis by EF2.

What do you mean by degenerate?

1a : having declined or become less specialized (as in nature, character, structure, or function) from an ancestral or former state the last degenerate member of a noble family— W. E. Swinton. b : having sunk to a condition below that which is normal to a type …